What is the role of protein in wound healing and immune function?

• A. Protein provides amino acids for tissue repair and synthesis of immune components; supports nitrogen balance essential for healing
• B. Carbohydrates provide the primary energy for tissue repair
• C. Fats are required for wound healing but not protein
• D. Vitamins alone drive healing

Answer: (A)

Protein provides the building blocks for wound healing and immune defense. The amino acids from protein are used to synthesize new tissue, including collagen and other components of the wound matrix, so the wound can close and heal properly. They are also needed to make immune system proteins such as antibodies, cytokines, and components of the complement system, which help fight infection. Maintaining a positive nitrogen balance means the body has enough protein to support tissue repair and immune function rather than breaking it down for energy or other needs. Without enough protein, healing slows and infection risk rises because the body lacks the necessary amino acids and nitrogen for repair and immune responses. Carbohydrates mainly supply energy for the healing process, fats contribute energy and cell structure, and vitamins provide important co-factors, but protein uniquely supplies the building blocks required for tissue synthesis and immune component production.