Which statement describes antioxidants and which vitamins/minerals have antioxidant properties?

• A. Antioxidants are enzymes in digestion; vitamins C and E have antioxidant properties
• B. Antioxidants are compounds that neutralize free radicals; vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and minerals like selenium have antioxidant properties
• C. Antioxidants are proteins that store iron
• D. Antioxidants are fats that supply energy

Answer: (B)

Antioxidants are compounds that neutralize free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage. The statement reflects this idea and includes well-known nutrients with antioxidant properties: vitamins C and E, the carotenoid beta-carotene, and minerals such as selenium. Vitamin C is water-soluble and helps scavenge reactive oxygen species in body fluids; it also helps regenerate vitamin E after it has neutralized free radicals. Vitamin E is fat-soluble and guards cell membranes from lipid peroxidation. Beta-carotene, a carotenoid, can quench reactive oxygen species and is a vitamin A precursor. Selenium acts as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, enabling the enzymatic reduction of peroxides. Together, these nutrients contribute to the body's defense against oxidative stress.